Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Hm=Hamster  Mk=Monkey  Dm=D. melanogaster  X=Xenopus  B=Bovine  Sc=S. cerevisiae
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody detects endogenous levels of p46 and p54 SAPK/JNK dually phosphorylated at threonine 183 and tyrosine 185. This antibody does not recognize unphosphorylated SAPK/JNK. This antibody may slightly cross-react with phospho-Erk1/2 or -p38 phosphorylated at the homologous residues.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr183/Tyr185 of human SAPK/JNK. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

The stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-amino-terminal kinase SAPK/JNK is potently and preferentially activated by a variety of environmental stresses including UV and gamma radiation, ceramides, inflammatory cytokines, and in some instances, growth factors and GPCR agonists (1-6). As with the other MAPKs, the core signaling unit is composed of a MAPKKK, typically MEKK1-MEKK4, or by one of the mixed lineage kinases (MLKs), which phosphorylate and activate MKK4/7. Upon activation, MKKs phosphorylate and activate the SAPK/JNK kinase (2). Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac, Rho, cdc42) (3). Both Rac1 and cdc42 mediate the stimulation of MEKKs and MLKs (3). Alternatively, MKK4/7 can be activated in a GTPase-independent mechanism via stimulation of a germinal center kinase (GCK) family member (4). There are three SAPK/JNK genes each of which undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in numerous isoforms (3). SAPK/JNK, when active as a dimer, can translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription through its effects on c-Jun, ATF-2, and other transcription factors (3,5).

1. Davis, R.J. (1999) Biochem Soc Symp 64, 1-12.
2. Ichijo, H. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6087-93.
3. Kyriakis, J.M. and Avruch, J. (2001) Physiol Rev 81, 807-69.
4. Kyriakis, J.M. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 5259-62.
5. Leppä, S. and Bohmann, D. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6158-62.
6. Whitmarsh, A.J. and Davis, R.J. (1998) Trends Biochem Sci 23, 481-5.

Application References

• Yang, P. et al. (2010) Nat Immunol 11, 487-94. Applications: Western Blotting
• Wu, M. et al. (2009) Diabetes Metab Res Rev 25, 279-86. Applications: Western Blotting
• Arimoto, K. et al. (2008) Nat Cell Biol 10, 1324-32. Applications: Western Blotting
• Lal, H. et al. (2008) J Mol Cell Cardiol 45, 770-8. Applications: Western Blotting
• Lal, H. et al. (2007) J Mol Cell Cardiol 43, 137-47. Applications: Western Blotting
• Xiao, G. G. et al. (2003) Use of proteomics to demonstrate a hierarchical oxidative stress response to diesel exhaust particle chemicals in a macrophage cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 50781-50790. Applications: Western Blotting
• Shukla, A. et al. (2001) Silica-induced activation of c-Jun-NH2-terminal amino kinases, protracted expression of the activator protein-1 proto-oncogene, fra-1, and S-phase alterations are mediated via oxidative stress. Cancer Res. 61, 1791-1795. Applications: Western Blotting
• Kujime, K. et al. (2000) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-jun-NH2-terminal kinase regulate RANTES production by influenza virus-infected human bronchial epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 164, 3222-3228. Applications: Western Blotting
• Weiss, L. et al. (2000) Regulation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (Jnk) gene expression during T cell activation. J. Exp. Med. 191, 139-146. Applications: Flow Cytometry
• Rochat-Steiner, V. et al. (2000) FIST/HIPK3: A Fas/fadd-interacting serine/threonine kinase that induces fadd phosphorylation and inhibits fas-mediated jun nh(2)-terminal kinase activation. J. Exp. Med. 192, 1165-1174. Applications: Western Blotting
• Gonda, R.L. et al. (2012) PLoS One 7, e42369. Applications: Western Blotting

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