神经递质无线遥测系统

最新的、也是唯一的实验研究技术 --- 清醒动物无线遥测谷氨酸 Glutamate,Glucose 糖 和 多巴胺Dopamine 
最新的、也是唯一的实验研究技术 ---- Pinnacle 公司开发头戴式的 Potentiostat 在清醒、自由活动的老鼠上，可直接并连续的监测它的谷氨酸 Glutamate 。 
Glutamate 是一个非常重要的神经传导物质。传统上，我们会利用微透析的方法，将 Glutamate 透析出来，直接侦测，或者收集在收集管中。不管是那一种方法，都无法在清醒、自由移动的老鼠上，直接、连续的记录到 Glutamate 的浓度变化。 
Pinnacle 公司开发出一个头戴式的 Potentiostat ( www.pinnaclet.com) ，配合无线的讯号接收器，可让老鼠自由的活动，同时侦测其 Potentiostat 的电位变化。目前，己开发出侦测 Glutamate 的传感器 Sensor。 Glutamate 的传感器 Sensor ，包覆双层的酵素层。一方面，利用 Glutamate Oxidase 将 Glutamate 氧化，生成 H2O2 ；一方面，利用 Ascorbate Oxidase 将 Ascorbate 氧化，生成 H2O 。而只有 H2O2 可以通过内部的选择性膜，再以白金铱电极来侦测其电位的变化。 

传感器特点 : 
高敏感度 ; 
线性反应的浓度范围 (0-100μM); 
监控生理释放过程反应快 , 高度选择性 ; 
健全数据采集 ; 
传感器直径 -170 微米 ; 
使用在动物体内 , 体外 , 细胞培养 . 

EEG/EMG 系统提供了一个完整的解决方案 ----- 老鼠睡眠记录

Biosensors monitor real-time changes in neurochemical concentrations. With Pinnacle's turn-key electronic and software systems, users can record and analyze second-by-second concentration changes (not basal level) of CNS neurochemicals in freely moving animals . Biosensors are commonly used for in vivo monitoring during behavioral and physiological activities. They are also ideal for drug screening and investigating the neuropharmacological effects of different compounds. 
 

BIOSENSOR TYPES

Pinnacle offers glutamate , glucose , lactate , ethanol, and choline biosensors. All biosensors sold by Pinnacle are for non-human use only.

	In Vivo Lifetime	Limit of Detection
GLUTAMATE	36 hours	0.05 - 0.1 μM
GLUCOSE	96+ hours	2 - 5 μM
LACTATE	96+ hours	5 - 10 μM
ETHANOL	6 - 8 hours	0.1 - 0.5 μM
CHOLINE	8+ hours	0.05 - 0.1 μM

BIOSENSOR DIAGRAM

Pinnacle biosensors function by the enzyme-mediated processing of the analyte of interest. This results in the production of hydrogen peroxide that is then detected by oxidation at a Pt-Ir electrode. Electroactive interferents present in the brain are excluded via a passive selective membrane and through active removal when necessary. 
 

WIRELESS SYSTEMS FOR RATS

OUR WIRELESS SYSTEMS use Bluetooth ? technology to record up to three biosensors simultaneously in one animal. Multiple systems can be used in one room without interference. 

 
 Freely moving 
 Low stress 
 High throughput

TETHERED SYSTEMS FOR MICE AND RATS

OUR TETHERED SYSTEMS employ a headmounted preamplifier for measuring up to two biosensors simultaneously in a freely moving animal. Systems are available for both mice and rats.

 Drug Screening 
 In Vivo Monitoring 
 Behavioral Experiments